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Called "J. Benjamin". According to Jethro Lieberman:

Benjamin was NOT a middle name. His given name was
Benjamin Lieberman. Sometime in high school, possibly because
he was very short then or because he had an inflated ego, or both,
the kids got to calling him "J. Ben," as in "J. Pierpont Morgan," and
other such "J. xxx" names. Evidently he liked it, and the usage
stuck. He started referring to himself that way. The "J" stood for
nothing. But when he got into the Navy, they insisted that no one
could have just a first middle initial and refused to let him use it
the way he always signed his name ("J. Ben Lieberman"). They
insisted he had to have a real first name and a middle initial, so in
the Navy he became "Jay B. Lieberman." That's how his Navy
papers read, I believe (I have them somewhere and could dig them
out with a little time). Thereafter on official papers that's how his
name was listed, though he never ever used the Jay, and always
signed his name "J. Ben."